Do you have a classic car and worry about its harmful emissions and carbon footprint? Or maybe your gas guzzler leaves a footprint on your wallet, and you’re interested in “going green” for the financial savings. Whatever the motivation, people are increasingly looking into converting their classic cars into electric vehicles.
But is this even possible? How do you do it? Most importantly, does installing a Tesla model EV battery into a classic Mercedes Benz ruin the value or history of an automobile?
Below, we’ll look at the benefits, costs, and steps involved in converting your classic car into an EV.
The Benefits of Converting Classic Cars to Electric
Let’s start by addressing a common question: Is it worthwhile to future-proof a classic by converting it to electric? Well, it turns out there are quite a few benefits to EV conversion that help explain why it’s a growing trend.
Environmental Benefits
Converting classic cars to electric power significantly reduces their environmental impact. Electric vehicles (EVs) emit zero tailpipe emissions, which is a substantial advantage over gasoline-powered vehicles.
According to the EPA, a gasoline-powered passenger vehicle emits about 4.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. In contrast, electric vehicles, depending on the electricity source, can reduce emissions by up to 70%.
The transition to electric power also contributes positively to air quality, reducing pollutants that lead to smog and harm public health.
Economic Advantages
EVs also allow car owners to save money. They have lower operating and maintenance costs, with potential savings of up to $4,600 in fuel costs over five years.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, switching out a car’s original engine for an EV battery translates to approximately a 40% decrease in maintenance expenses compared to maintenance involved with gasoline cars.
Performance Enhancements
Electric conversions can also improve the performance of classic cars. Electric motors deliver torque instantly, offering better acceleration without the lag associated with internal combustion engines. For instance, an EV classic car can achieve 0 to 60 mph, up to 30% faster than its original gas-powered version.
Efficiency gains are another advantage, as electric powertrains convert over 60% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels (compared to about 20% for gasoline vehicles).
Considerations for Turning Classic Vehicles Into Electric Vehicles
Converting your classic vehicle to electric power requires replacing its internal combustion engine, fuel tank, exhaust system, and transmission. Once this is done, you’ll need to consider the following:
Installation of the Electric Powertrain
Functioning as the heart of an electric vehicle, a high-capacity battery pack is often installed in the engine bay or where the fuel tank was previously located. Lithium-ion batteries are preferred for their high energy density, offering a range of 100 to 300 miles per charge depending on capacity.
Electric Motor Placement
The strategic placement of the electric motor is crucial for maintaining balance and performance. For example, performance (more specifically, traction and efficiency) is contingent on whether your vehicle is front-wheel, rear-wheel, or all-wheel drive.
Motors vary widely in power and price. Your selection will depend on the specific requirements of the conversion.
Key Electrical Components
- Motor Controller: This device manages the flow of electrical power to the motor, which is crucial for smooth acceleration and handling. Its integration is vital for converting the battery’s DC power into a form that the electric motor can use efficiently.
- DC/DC Converter: It steps down the high-voltage DC from the battery to the 12V DC needed for the vehicle’s auxiliary systems (like lighting and audio), ensuring that the car’s standard features remain functional.
- Thermal Management Systems: Batteries and motor controllers generate heat, so these are needed to maintain optimal temperatures for longevity and safety.
Enhancements and Integrations
- System Upgrades: Upgrading the brakes, suspension, and drivetrain may be necessary to accommodate the added weight and altered dynamics of the electric system. These enhancements ensure that the vehicle can safely handle the instant torque provided by the electric motor.
- Wiring and Electrical Integration: The new electric components must be securely wired and integrated with the vehicle’s existing electrical systems. This includes setting up a charging system, which involves installing a charging port—often in the original fuel filler location—and ensuring the vehicle can be charged from home or public charging stations.
Cost Considerations of Going Electric
The total cost of an EV conversion can range widely, from around $20,000 to well over $100,000, depending on the vehicle’s complexity, the chosen components, and labor costs. Here’s what you need to pay for:
Cost #1: Battery Solutions
- Lithium-ion batteries (with a total kWh capacity that can reach 100 to 300 miles per charge) can cost between $4,000 and $20,000.
- A Battery Management Solution: Because the design and management of the battery pack are crucial, you’ll need a Battery Management System (BMS) to regulate temperature, voltage, and charging cycles for optimal performance and longevity.
Other Costs
While the majority of the investment is in the battery, you’ll also need to purchase the following:
- An electric motor and controller: $1,500 to $7,000.
- DC/DC converter: $150 to $500.
- Thermal management system: $500 to $4,000.
- Battery management system: $500 to $1,500.
- A home charging setup: Ranges from $200 to $2,000.
- Labor (if it’s not a DIY project): Around $10,000.
The time cost for a hobbyist is estimated to be around 40-50 hours.
Regulatory and Legal Considerations
Navigating the regulatory and legal landscape is crucial for owners of EV-converted classic cars. Here are key considerations:
Inspection and Registration
Post-conversion, vehicles may need to undergo inspection (for a fee) to ensure they meet safety and emissions standards (where applicable).
In Virginia, an inspection costs $15. Some regions require converted vehicles to be re-registered as electric vehicles.
Insurance
Insurance companies may have different policies for EV-converted cars. Owners should consult their insurers to understand coverage changes or requirements for converted vehicles.
Financial Incentives and Support
Financial incentives can significantly offset the initial costs of converting a classic car to electric. Here’s what to look for:
- Tax Credits and Rebates: Some governments offer tax credits or rebates for electric vehicle conversions, reducing the net cost.
- Grants and Subsidies: Look for local or national grants available for EV conversions. These can cover a portion of the conversion costs or the cost of charging equipment installation.
- Utility Company Incentives: Some utility companies provide incentives or lower rates for electric vehicle owners, which can help reduce charging costs.
Compatibility Check: Which Classics Are Best for Conversion?
Not all classic cars are equally suited for electric conversion. The best candidates typically share certain characteristics:
- Vehicle weight: Lighter vehicles, generally weighing between 2,000 and 3,000 pounds, are more conducive to conversion. Their lighter weight allows for easier integration and support of the electric powertrain.
- Transmission type: Classics with manual transmissions are preferred due to the simpler adaptation process for electric motors.
- Space for batteries: Vehicles with more room can accommodate larger or more batteries, contributing to a longer electric range.
However, heavier cars, such as classic Land Rovers, are not excluded from electric conversions. By modifying the drivetrain and utilizing a larger (or more potent) battery/motor setup, these heavier vehicles can achieve comparable performance levels.
The key to a successful conversion lies in balancing the electric powertrain’s weight and power with the vehicle’s original design and handling characteristics.
Here are a few specific classic cars that are often considered good candidates for electric conversions.
#1: Volkswagen Beetle
The iconic Beetle is a popular choice for electric conversions. Its simple rear-engine layout makes it relatively straightforward to replace the combustion engine with an electric motor and batteries.
#2: Porsche 911
Especially the older air-cooled models, due to their performance-oriented design and relatively high value, which can justify the conversion cost.
#3: Chevrolet Corvette
Classic Corvettes, particularly the C1 through C3 generations, are sought after for EV conversion. Their spacious engine bays and the car’s sports car ethos make them excellent candidates for electrification.
#4: Ford Mustang
Classic Mustangs from the 1960s and 1970s are popular for electric conversion projects. These cars combine the appeal of a muscle car with the modern performance and sustainability of electric power.
#5: Jaguar E-Type
Jaguar itself has explored the concept of electric E-Types, showing the classic sports car’s suitability for an elegant and high-performance electric conversion.
Electric Vehicle Conversion Kits: Types of Conversion Kits
Classic car enthusiasts interested in converting cars to electric also have the option of purchasing conversion kits. These kits typically contain an electric motor, a battery pack, a motor controller, a DC/DC converter, chargers, and various cables and connectors.
Basic Kits
Include essential components like the electric motor and controller. These kits are suitable if you prefer to customize or source additional parts separately. Prices can start from around $6,000, covering the motor and controller. These kits are great for hobbyists who have the skills to manage more complex aspects of the conversion themselves.
Complete Kits
These comprehensive packages include the motor, controller, battery pack, charger, and sometimes even a new drivetrain. For a comprehensive solution, prices range from $5,500 to $25,000. The higher cost reflects the inclusion of high-capacity batteries, advanced controllers, and bespoke components.
Final Thoughts
Converting a classic car into an electric vehicle is an investment–one you want to protect. Proper car storage plays a crucial role in preserving your EV vehicle’s condition.
Fellow EV owners recommend storing your classic car in a covered or enclosed space–built to reduce risks such as rust, corrosion, and mechanical wear caused by exposure to elements. An enclosed storage space also acts as a deterrent against theft
If your current home garage can’t accommodate your classic car, consider renting a storage space nearby. For example, an enclosed 10′ x 20′ car storage unit can offer the protection your vehicle needs. Neighbor provides a reliable solution for finding safe, nearby, and budget-friendly indoor and climate-controlled storage spaces tailored for classic cars. Explore options in your neighborhood now.
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